Accelerating Mathematical and Scientific Discovery with Gemini Deep Think

Under direction from expert mathematicians and scientists, Gemini Deep Think is solving professional research problems across mathematics, physics, and computer science

In the summer of 2025, an advanced version of Gemini Deep Think achieved Gold-medal standard at the International Mathematics Olympiad (IMO) and later, an updated version, obtained similar results at the International Collegiate Programming Contest. These results demonstrated the model could reason through some of the most challenging math and programming problems designed for students. Since then, Gemini Deep Think mode has moved into science, engineering and enterprise workflows to tackle more complex, open-ended challenges.

In the last week, our teams published two papers ( 1 , 2 ) detailing a cross-disciplinary effort to solve professional research problems using Gemini Deep Think mode. These results stem from deep collaboration between mathematicians, physicists, and computer scientists.

We are witnessing a fundamental shift in the scientific workflow. As Gemini evolves, it acts as "force multiplier" for human intellect, handling knowledge retrieval and rigorous verification so scientists can focus on conceptual depth and creative direction. Whether refining proofs, hunting for counterexamples, or linking disconnected fields, AI is becoming a valuable collaborator in the next chapter of scientific progress.

We are grateful for the foundational support from the rest of the DeepThink team: Anirudh Baddepudi, Michael Brenner, Irene Cai, Kristen Chiafullo, Paul Covington, Rumen Dangovski, Chenjie Gu, Huan Gui, Vihan Jain, Rajesh Jayaram, Melvin Johnson, Rosemary Ke, Maciej Kula, Nate Kushman, Jane Labanowski, Steve Li, Pol Moreno, Sidharth Mudgal, William Nelson, ​​Ada Maksutaj Oflazer, Sahitya Potluri, Navneet Potti, Shubha Raghvendra, James Roggeveen, Siamak Shakeri, Archit Sharma, Xinying Song, Mukund Sundararajan, Qijun Tan, Zak Tsai, Erik Wang, Theophane Weber, Winnie Xu, Zicheng Xu, Junwen Yao, Shunyu Yao, Adams Yu, Lijun Yu, and Honglei Zhuang.

Last but not least, we thank Divy Thakkar, Adam Brown, Vinay Ramasesh, Alex Davies, Thomas Hubert, Eugénie Rives, Pushmeet Kohli, Benoit Schillings for feedback and support of the project.

Unlike IMO problems, research-level mathematics requires advanced techniques from vast literature. While foundation models have large knowledge bases, data scarcity often leads to superficial understanding and hallucinations in advanced subjects.

To solve this, we built a math research agent (internally codenamed Aletheia), powered by Gemini Deep Think mode. It features a natural language verifier to identify flaws in candidate solutions and enable an iterative process of generating and revising solutions. Crucially, this agent can admit failure to solve a problem, a key feature that improved the efficiency for researchers.

Additionally, the research agent uses Google Search and web browsing to navigate complex research, preventing spurious citations and computational inaccuracies when synthesizing published literature.